Optimization of Biochar Production by Co-Torrefaction of Microalgae and Lignocellulosic Biomass Using Response Surface Methodology

Co-torrefaction of microalgae and lignocellulosic biomass was evaluated as a method to process sludge produced from various effluents obtain biochars with suitable properties for energy or material valorization. The influence four independent variables on biochar yield by set experiments defined response surface methodology (RSM). were characterized proximate ultimate composition, HHV, methylene blue adsorption capacity. HHV the positively correlated carbonization temperature, residence time, content in feed. conditions that led higher (76.5%) good calorific value (17.4 MJ Kg−1) 250 °C, 60 min 5% feed moisture, 50% biomass. efficiency lower temperatures (92.6%) but decreased abruptly increase moisture mixture (16.9 57.3% 70% moisture). Biochars using algal grown contaminated presented high ash low value. Dye removal tested, reaching 95% capacity least severe torrefaction conditions.